The Radiotherapy Department provides external beam radiation treatment of patients with a variety of malignant diseases.

NEMROCK radiation therapy department consists of: 

Simulator is a medical device that use Kv x-ray to simulate the external beam radiation therapy treatment procedure. It consists of diagnostic x-ray mounted on a rotating gantry of geometries identical to those found on megavoltage therapy machines. By this machine, radiation treatment fields are defined and marked out on patient skin or mask before treatment.

Linear Accelerator is a machine of mega voltage x-ray (produced by accelerating electrons to colloid with a heavy metal target) used for external beam radiation therapy to treat all parts of the body. LINAC is able to do all types of radiation techniques (using MLC or customized blocks) such as 2D, 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGR),and Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SR). NEMROCK center has 3 linear accelerators supported by low and high energies of both photons and electrons used to perform the different types of radiation techniques.

Cobalt Machine is a machine that use cobalt-60 source in radiation therapy. This cobalt source produces gamma radiation with 2 photons of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV (produces an average energy of 1.25 MeV). In our center NEMROCK we have one cobalt machine used in 2D radiation therapy technique.

Brachytherapy is type of radiation therapy in which radioactive seeds or sources are placed in or near the tumor itself giving a high radiation dose to the tumor while reducing the radiation exposure in the surrounding healthy tissues. Brachytherapy can be used alone or in combination with other therapies such as surgery, External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy. It is commonly used as an effective treatment for cervical,  prostate, breast, and can also be used to treat tumors in many other body sites. NEMROCK provides brachytherapy for cervical and endometrium cancer using LDR technique

Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) is a type of radiotherapy in which 3D digital data set is taken for the patient to create 3D image for both tumor and risk organs. This 3D image helps to create a plan with high conformal dose to the tumor and spare the adjacent normal structures which increase the tumor control. The difference between 3DCRT and 2DRT is the ability to use non co-planner fields and to make dose conformity around the target using conformal blocks or Multi Leaf Collimator (MLC) which may increase the ability of dose escalation.

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced technique for delivering radiation beam more precisely than 3DCRT by modulating
the intensity of every individual field.

  This is done by dividing the radiation field into small subfields and calculating the beam weights by special algorithms on the planning system. The difference between IMRT and 3DCRT is that IMRT is more benefit for tumor of concave volume that may surround a critical structure as in case of head and neck tumor in which spinal cord is surrounded by tumor volume. IMRT improves dose escalation for these types of tumors and decrease the dose to the surrounding normal tissue.

Mould Room In Radiation therapy, patient is asked to lie in the same position during treatment to deliver the dose to the tumor and reduce the normal tissue irradiation. This can be accompli

shed by using positioning masks made for each patient before treatment. Mould room is responsible for molding not only the positioning masks that used during the radiation treatment step but also responsible for producing specialized shielding for many different treatment areas by experienced Mould Room Technicians.